"structural color"
1. Layers create multihued appearance: beetle
"Gymnopleurus virens beetles have shells that change from red in the centre to green around the edges or from green to blue…the shells are made of thousands of ultrathin layers, with each successive layer slightly twisted in relation to the...
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2. Hairs create colors: weevils
"Other insects, such as weevils, owe their magnificent sky blue or metallic green colours to a clothing of fine scaly hairs." (Wootton 1984:140)
3. Scales create brilliant white: Cyphochilus beetles
"We report the identification of whiteness resulting from a three-dimensional (3D) photonic solid in the scales of Cyphochilus spp. beetles. Their scales are characterized by their exceptional whiteness, their perceived brightness, and their optic...
4. Feathers produce non-iridescent colors: eastern bluebirds
"Some of the most vivid colors in the animal kingdom are created not by pigments, but by wavelength-selective scattering of light from nanostructures. Here we investigate quasi-ordered nanostructures of avian feather barbs which produce vivid non-...
5. Microstructures produce iridescent colors: hummingbird
"To summarize, hummingbird iridescence is due to interference colors produced by a stack of about three films whose optical thickness is one-half the peak wave length. Each film is a mosaic of platelets of elliptical form. Each platelet is a...
6. Beaks reflect UV light: emperor penguin
"Although the mouths and flanges of begging passerines have been reported to reflect in the ultraviolet (Hunt et al. 2003), this is the first time that the nature of the UV-reflecting microstructures has been characterized in beak tissue of any bi...
7. Sherry
Fossil leaf beetle found after 600,000 years, still has its structural color: http://bit.ly/c9U0xH
8. Wing scales diffract and scatter light: Morpho butterflies
"Brilliant iridescent colouring in male butterflies enables long-range conspecific communication and it has long been accepted that microstructures, rather than pigments, are responsible for this coloration. Few studies, however, explicitly relate...
9. Nanofibers produce color: blue penguin
"Here, we report a new biophotonic nanostructure in the non-iridescent blue feather barbs of blue penguins (Eudyptula minor) composed of parallel β-keratin nanofibres organized into densely packed bundles...[A]nalysis of...the barb nanos...
10. Body surfaces reflect light to create colors: jewel beetles
"The Buprestid beetles…as well as many ground-beetles (Carabidae), are different again in that the body surface producing the colour is hardened and quite permanent and sculptured into subtly varying shapes that reflect light at different w...
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