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1. Jet propulsion as transportation mechanism: salp
"Also called thaliaceans, salps are small free-swimming marine creatures with gelatinous, semitransparent bodies that move around by means of jet propulsion, drawing in water through an aperture at one end of the body, and then forcing it out thro...
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2. Siphon directs underwater movement: octopus
"Octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish have a more sophisticated version of jet propulsion. They expel water through a moveable tube called a siphon, which combines power with directional control." (Downer 2002:17)
3. Clapping used for underwater movement: rough fileclam
"When danger threatens, this scallop claps its shells together and darts through the water, like a pair of castanets with a life of their own." (Downer 2002:14)
4. Moving efficiently through water: aquatic animals
"It [the Froude propulsion efficiency] says that for highest efficiency, the velocity of the fluid issuing from the propulsive unit--paddle, propeller, jet, or whatever--should be as close as possible to the velocity of the craft...Clearly the way...
5. Pressure forces blood from pores: grasshopper
"A number of insects also release blood in order to deter predators. Some of the most dramatic examples occur among grasshoppers of the genus Dictyophorus. When threatened, hydrostatic pressure within the grasshopper's body increases, forcing bloo...
6. Tissues create hydrostatic pressure: plants
"Osmotic Motors: Hydraulic motors and actuators work on the basis of a change in hydrostatic pressure…plants generate hydrostatic pressure by injecting solutes into a confined space that must be surrounded by a selective membrane that retai...
7. Aquaporin membrane technology
The Aquaporin company is focusing on mimicking the ability of lipid bilayers in biological cells to transport water back and forth across membranes by way of membrane channel proteins called aquaporins. Aquaporins can facilitate this transport wh...
8. Muscular system enables jet propulsion: octopus
"The inner skin of the octopus is composed of many layers of muscles one on top of another. They constitute three different types of muscles called longitudinal, circular and radial. These structures enable various movements of the octopus by bala...
9. Vortex Generator
Watreco's water treatement products use the patented Vortex Generator and the technology platform VPT (Vortex Process Technology) to create energy-efficient, low-cost solutions for several water treatment problems. The system essentially works by...
10. Pores move water through membranes: cells
"Because water is the major component of all living cells, the ability to absorb and release water must be considered a fundamental property of life. Cell membranes are exquisitely selective barriers that control the solute composition of the encl...
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