Increase in hydrostatic pressure forces blood from pores
11. Mouthpart curls and uncurls: butterfly
The butterfly proboscis is curled in its resting state and uncurls to feed by changing the water pressure in the tube-like structures. When the butterfly is ready to feed, it applies hydrostatic (water) pressure to straighten the tube into a straw...
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12. Pores move water through membranes: cells
"Because water is the major component of all living cells, the ability to absorb and release water must be considered a fundamental property of life. Cell membranes are exquisitely selective barriers that control the solute composition of the encl...
13. Pressure makes air move: black mangrove
"Simple physical diffusion through the lenticels and along the aerenchyma is probably the main mode of gas movement in mangrove roots, but it may be supplemented by mass flow […] There is a more convincing interpretation of the observed pre...
14. Blood cells circulate in viscous blood: dromedary camel
"The dromedary camel is one of the most well adapted to hot arid climates. Contrary to popular opinion, the camel does not store water any more than any other species, yet it need not drink water for days. The camel is able to tolerate extreme deh...
15. Pressure sucks moisture from soil: desert plants
"Plants again. Even in a desert the soil a little ways below the surface contains liquid water. It's called 'capillary water' and is often thought of as firmly stuck to soil particles. The binding, though, is as much physical as chemical - the wat...
16. Shearing forces increase molecular alignment: silkworms
"RAMSDEN (1938) observed that shearing of the viscous contents of silk glands between glass slides would cause it to coagulate. IIZUKA (1966) studied the effect of shear rate on the coagulation of fibroin solutions and also analyzed the dimensions...
17. Stomatal pores regulate gas exchange: plants
"When a guard-cell pair accumulates solutes, the resultant turgor and volume changes cause the guard cells to bow outward because of cell-wall architecture, enlarging the pore between them. This simple explanation belies the underlying complexity ...
18. Closeable gas exchange pores prevent water loss.
"Amazonian rainforest plants are isohydric. The drier the soil and the more effort it takes to pull water up the xylem from the soil to the leaves, the more stomata close in response to low soil moisture. This restricts plant water use in the dry ...
19. Intricate silica architecture survives forces: diatoms
“All free-living diatoms differ from other phytoplankton groups in having silicified cell walls in the form of two ‘shells’ (the frustule) of manifold shape and intricate architecture… Here we show that the frustules are r...
20. Panting cools blood: reindeer
"The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is an Arctic animal that has adapted to annual changes of 80°C in ambient temperature by growing a fur of excellent insulation value in the autumn to be shed in the following spring. That together with a reduc...
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