Increase in hydrostatic pressure forces blood from pores
71. Bulging proboscis amplifies sound: southern elephant seal
"Another species in which the male sports an exaggerated nose is the elephant seal, largest of all seals at 5-6 m long and up to 3500 kg in weight. The huge, bulging nose of the mature male is used during the breeding season, when the seals gather...
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72. Mounds increase diversity: mound-building termites
"On the Okavango, the point of formation of many tree islands is a termite mound. Colonies of the mound-building termite (Macrotermes michaelseni) build subterranean nests during prolonged dry periods in seasonally flooded areas (Fig. 5.13). These...
73. Byssus threads resist forces: blue mussel
"One particular use of a collagenous rope gives a sense of the range of performance nature can get from this material--and of some of the peculiarities of applying data from standard analyses. As familiar to anyone who has poked around rocky, wave...
74. Skin protects from water loss: humans
"The vertebrate integument represents an evolutionary compromise between the needs for mechanical protection and those of sensing the environment and regulating the exchange of materials and energy. Fibrous keratins evolved as a means of strengthe...
75. Old leaves help remove excess salt: mangrove
"But the difficulties faced by a human being are as nothing compared with those with which the mangroves themselves must deal. Twice a day the tide rises to drown their roots, and then recedes to expose them to the air. Twice a day the water aroun...
76. Liver flukes digest blood.
"Notable digeneans include the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), which can consume 0.007 fluid ounces (0.2 ml) of blood a day and is responsible for liver rot in sheep and cattle" (Shuker 2001:166)
77. Ice in rosette protects bud from frost: lobelia
"There are also two species of lobelia on the upper slopes of the mountain [Mount Kenya]. Both form giant rosettes of leaves on the ground. They are in just as much danger of having their terminal buds frost-bitten as the cabbage groundsel and one...
78. PAX Scientific; PAX Water Technologies; PAX Streamline; PAX Mixer; PAX Fan
Jay Harman began his quest to understand vortical fluid dynamics. The result: a new principle for generating flow that has applications ranging from pump to impellers, fans to boats. All arenas offer improved energy efficiency, smaller devices, an...
79. Sponges use pores to regulate water flows.
"Water enters numerous small pores called ostia. The ostia are surrounded by donut-shaped cells called porocytes that open and close to control water flow. For the sponge depicted in figure 1, water flows directly into an open chamber called the s...
80. Vortex rings propel: moon jellyfish
"Through his research, Dabiri has observed that moon jellyfish don't move through water simply by using jet propulsion. Instead, they create complex vortex rings in the wake of their motion that allow them propel themselves forward. Cracking...
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