adhere OR attach
31. Design features aid efficient attachment: lice
"Lice are much more sedentary, clutching onto their host's skin with strong gripping claws. They have flattened bodies that rebuff attempts by the host to dislodge them." (Shuker 2001:165)
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Email32. Fungi hitchhikes on insects.
“The peridium of some cleistothecial ascomycetes is a cage- or mesh-like arrangement of thin- or thick-walled peridial hyphae….The peridium of some gymnothecial ascomycetes is made up of a rigid, thick-walled, branched and anastomosed network ...
33. Sticky proteins serve as glue: blue mussel
"Pounding waves are no match for the mighty mussel, that produces strong, flexible threads that cling to rocks…mussels secrete a unique amino acid called dihydroxyphenylalanine…Researchers have developed a new group of adhesives for ...
34. Setae enhance temporary adhesion: leaf beetles
"Second, devices for intermittent adhesion in animals make extraordinary use of multiple contacts. The billion contacts of the gecko's feet may not be exceptional. Each of Stork's (1980) 5-microgram chrysomelid beetles had over ten thousand setae....
35. Sticky proteins serve as glue: green mussel
"The 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (Dopa)-containing proteins of mussel byssus play a critical role in wet adhesion and have inspired versatile new synthetic strategies for adhesives and coatings. Apparently, however, not all mussel adhesive prote...
36. Geckos and mussels attach.
“Here we report a hybrid biologically inspired adhesive consisting of an array of nanofabricated polymer pillars coated with a thin layer of a synthetic polymer that mimics the wet adhesive proteins found in mussel holdfasts. Wet adhesion of the...
37. Tendrils enable upward climb: rattan palm
"Rattans, the highly specialised climbing palms of south-east Asia, have stems that are barely thicker than a man's finger. The front tip, from which all growth comes, explores with extremely long, thin tendrils equipped along their length with ne...
38. Secretion attaches eggs: saturniid gum moth
"Biochemical and electrophoretic screening of 29 adhesive secretions from Australian insects identified six types that appeared to consist largely of protein. Most were involved in terrestrial egg attachment...The strongest (1–2 MPa) was an ...
39. Flies grasp.
“In their evolution, hexapods have developed two distinctly different mechanisms to attach themselves to a variety of substrates: with smooth pads or with setose or hairy surfaces. Due to the flexibility of the material of the attachment structu...
40. Hooks attach insect wings.
"Bees and wasps hitch their fore and hind wings together with hooks to make, in effect, a single surface." (Attenborough 1979)
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