structural color
111. Luciferin molecules create bioluminescence: Pyrophorus beetle
"Some of the most powerfully luminescent of all fireflies - indeed of all animals - belong to the Neotropical Pyrophorus. The 25 mm (1 in) long Pyrophorus noctilucus is such a powerful light-producer that it has been used by tribes in South Americ...
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112. Transparent patches of mantle focus light: giant clam
"The giant clam also keeps algae within its body. They are not imprisoned within its cells but held in a space directly beneath the outer skin of its mantle which is exposed to light whenever the two outer halves of the clam shell gape open. In so...
113. Only three structural motifs are featured in shells of all bivalves.
"More than 10 morphological types of shell structure such as the simple prismatic, nacreous, foliated, composite prismatic, crossed lamellar structures and the others are discriminated in bivalve shells. The combination of these morphological type...
114. Shell is tough armor: golden scale snail
"During the second ever expedition to hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean, biologists spotted a snail with a strange-looking foot. Many snails can close the opening to their shell with a flat, round bit of shell called an operculum. But this sn...
115. hyhussain
this is the most brilliant idea in case of structural engineering and in many geotecnical strucutres
116. Shinkansen Train
The Shinkansen Bullet Train has a streamlined forefront and structural adaptations to significantly reduce noise resulting from aerodynamics in high-speed trains.
117. Humidity sensor
"[A] film-type humidity sensor inspired by the photonic crystal structure of the cuticle of Hercules beetle was designed and fabricated. The reflective color of the fabricated sample changes from blue-green to red with the bandgap shift of 137 nm ...
118. Windows camouflage nest: tropical true wasp
"To the list of animal inventions we could add. . . the tiny windows made of hardened saliva in the paper nest of the tropical true wasp (Metapolybia pediculata). It is probable, however, that these windows are not devised for the illumination of ...
119. Complex structures focus reflected light: lobster
"instead of being lens cylinders with high refractive indices and a radial gradient, the [optical structures of shrimps and their relatives] were square structures of low refractive index, made of more or less homogeneous jelly…[Klaus Vogt ...
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